1. C. Wu, Universal meshes for branched crack propagation.

Illustration of the final conforming mesh for a crack with a quadruple junction. The original mesh is shown in grey. It can be observed, like the previous cases, that only a small fraction of the nodes are needed to perturb in order to obtain a conforming mesh.

2. Y. Li，Energy-based Mesh Adaption Method for the Phase Field Approach to Fracture

Mesh refinement results: by decreasing the energy tolerance μ_bc (b > c), finer mesh is obtained; the mesh successfully captured the crack without being influenced by the inner holes. The characteristic of the adaptive mesh is similar to what has been observed in Figure 4.5.